Infants born without enough surfactant may develop a condition called respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). RDS occurs in preterm infants due to the immaturity of their lungs and inability to make sufficient surfactant. On the occasion of our topic of the month “Patient safety and hygiene practice”, we spoke with the neonatologist Dr Angela Kribs, Germany, who together with further experts investigated a less invasive surfactant application protocol (LISA) in extremely preterm infants. The Nonintubated Surfactant Application trial was a multicenter,…